diff --git a/server/src/quota.js b/server/src/quota.js
index cf5ca42..5e30778 100644
--- a/server/src/quota.js
+++ b/server/src/quota.js
@@ -38,12 +38,17 @@ function grant(openid, count = 1) {
   return getBalance(openid)
 }
 
+// 消费：即便该 openid 从未 grant 过也要建行，否则 sentTotal 会静默丢失
+// （新建行 balance 直接落 0，等价于「从 0 扣减再取 MAX(0, ...)」）
 function consume(openid, count = 1) {
   const n = _normalize(count)
   db.prepare(`
-    UPDATE subscribe_quota
-    SET balance = MAX(0, balance - @n), sentTotal = sentTotal + @n, updateTime = @now
-    WHERE openid = @openid
+    INSERT INTO subscribe_quota (openid, balance, grantedTotal, sentTotal, updateTime)
+    VALUES (@openid, 0, 0, @n, @now)
+    ON CONFLICT(openid) DO UPDATE SET
+      balance    = MAX(0, balance - @n),
+      sentTotal  = sentTotal + @n,
+      updateTime = @now
   `).run({ openid, n, now: Date.now() })
   return getBalance(openid)
 }
diff --git a/server/test/quota.test.js b/server/test/quota.test.js
index 8ab39a1..9a78d55 100644
--- a/server/test/quota.test.js
+++ b/server/test/quota.test.js
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ const { useTempDb } = require('./helper')
 
 useTempDb() // 必须在 require quota/db 之前
 const quota = require('../src/quota')
+const db = require('../src/db')
 
 test('未记录过的用户余额为 0', () => {
   assert.strictEqual(quota.getBalance('u_new'), 0)
@@ -49,3 +50,14 @@ test('各用户额度互不影响', () => {
   assert.strictEqual(quota.getBalance('a'), 3)
   assert.strictEqual(quota.getBalance('b'), 1)
 })
+
+test('consume 对从未 grant 过的 openid 也要建行，不丢失 sentTotal', () => {
+  quota.consume('u6', 3)
+  // 仅断言 getBalance 为 0 不足以证明建行了（缺行时本来就返回 0），
+  // 必须直接查表，确认行确实被创建且 sentTotal 记录了这次消费
+  assert.strictEqual(quota.getBalance('u6'), 0)
+  const row = db.prepare('SELECT * FROM subscribe_quota WHERE openid = ?').get('u6')
+  assert.ok(row, 'u6 对应的记录行应当被创建')
+  assert.strictEqual(row.balance, 0)
+  assert.strictEqual(row.sentTotal, 3)
+})